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They are the fixed icons that are among the components of the desktop that cannot be deleted or disposed of, for example, the Computer icon.

2. Shortcut Icons

They are the icons that represent a copy of the original (a broken part) through which the original program can be run, and deleting or erasing it does not affect the nature of the original program. It is marked by a small arrow on the left side. This type of icon does not work when copied from one computer to another. An example of this is the Real Player audio player icon.

3. Document icons or data icons

They are the icons that result from using parts of programs, text documents, and database files and take a specific shape and according to the program used, such as the Microsoft Access database program.

4. Folders icons

It is stable and will not be yellow, and all icons can be placed inside it, except for the standard icons, which facilitate the process of collecting information and data. The desktop contains other additional icons called:

The standard icons are shown on the desktop by following these steps:

1. Right-click on an empty part of the desktop.

2. Choose Personalize.

3. Choose the Change Desktop Icons command.

4. Click the left mouse button on the standard icons that appear in the Desktop Icons window to show the check mark.

5. Click on the Apply button and then OK.

Dealing with windows (frames) and changing their properties and controlling their views

After opening the window by one of the three opening methods, a window appears, and its most important components are:

1. Title bar

• Close button: Close is usually red and closes the window when clicked.

• Maximize or Restore button, which is the middle button and it enlarges and reduces the size of the window whenever you click on it.

Minimize button: Minimizes the window and places it in the form of a small title in the taskbar and is restored by clicking on the name of the window from the ribbon

2. Menu Bar: The Menus Bar comes under the title bar and contains menus for each menu. When you click on one of them, a menu drops containing specific commands and several sub-menus.

3. Scroll Bar: It is a bar that allows the user to browse the contents of the upper window or download them to the bottom to see the contents of the window, and this is done by pressing the left mouse button.

4. Navigation Buttons: They are used to move forward and backward, one step per click, and are used most of the time when working with the Internet. They include the Forward and Back navigation buttons. As shown as follows.